As electric bills are expensive and nature’s incomes are at high disposal rate to the environment with an increase of population, the use of biomass sources as feedstock for the production of energy is mandatory to protect the environment and boost the economy. Bioenergy is one of a range of renewable energy sources that can contribute to addressing the global issues associated with climate change, energy security, population growth and a global increase in per capita energy demand. This module provides an overview of key topics on sustainable bioenergy production, including the main biomass systems for bioenergy generation and the wide range of bioenergy conversion and utilisation methods. This module adopts a whole systems approach and enables students to critically appraise the sustainability of various biomass energy production routes.